Active spacecraft potential control for Cluster: implementation and first results
Identifieur interne : 001F76 ( Chine/Analysis ); précédent : 001F75; suivant : 001F77Active spacecraft potential control for Cluster: implementation and first results
Auteurs : RBID : Pascal:02-0188912Descripteurs français
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Abstract
Electrostatic charging of a spacecraft modifies the distribution of electrons and ions before the particles enter the sensors mounted on the spacecraft body. The floating potential of magnetospheric satellites in sunlight very often reaches several tens of volts, making measurements of the cold (several eV) component of the ambient ions impossible. The plasma electron data become contaminated by large fluxes of photoelectrons attracted back into the sensors. The Cluster spacecraft are equipped with emitters of the liquid metal ion source type, producing indium ions at 5 to 9 keV energy at currents of some tens of microampere. This current shifts the equilibrium potential of the spacecraft to moderately positive values. The design and principles of the operation of the instrument for active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC) are presented in detail. Experience with spacecraft potential control from the commissioning phase and the first two months of the operational phase are now available. The instrument is operated with constant ion current for most of the time, but tests have been carried out with varying currents and a "feedback" mode with the instrument EFW, which measures the spacecraft potential. That has been reduced to values according to expectations. In addition, the low energy electron measurements show substantially reduced fluxes of photoelectrons as expected. The flux decrease in photoelectrons returning to the spacecraft, however, occurs at the expense of an enlarged sheath around the spacecraft which causes problems for boom-mounted probes.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Active spacecraft potential control for Cluster: implementation and first results</title><author><name sortKey="Torkar, K" uniqKey="Torkar K">K. Torkar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6</s1><s2>8042 Graz</s2><s3>AUT</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Autriche</country><wicri:noRegion>8042 Graz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riedler, W" uniqKey="Riedler W">W. Riedler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6</s1><s2>8042 Graz</s2><s3>AUT</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Autriche</country><wicri:noRegion>8042 Graz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Escoubet, C P" uniqKey="Escoubet C">C. P. Escoubet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</s1><s2>2200 AG Noordwijk</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fehringer, M" uniqKey="Fehringer M">M. Fehringer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</s1><s2>2200 AG Noordwijk</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, R" uniqKey="Schmidt R">R. Schmidt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</s1><s2>2200 AG Noordwijk</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grard, R J L" uniqKey="Grard R">R. J. L. Grard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</s1><s2>2200 AG Noordwijk</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arends, H" uniqKey="Arends H">H. Arends</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</s1><s2>2200 AG Noordwijk</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><wicri:noRegion>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="R Denauer, F" uniqKey="R Denauer F">F. R Denauer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>International Atomic Energy Agency, Safeguards Analytical Laboratory</s1><s2>2444 Seibersdorf</s2><s3>AUT</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Autriche</country><wicri:noRegion>2444 Seibersdorf</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steiger, W" uniqKey="Steiger W">W. Steiger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute for Physics, Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf</s1><s2>2444 Seibersdorf</s2><s3>AUT</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Autriche</country><wicri:noRegion>2444 Seibersdorf</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narbeim, B T" uniqKey="Narbeim B">B. T. Narbeim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt, Avdeling for Elektronikk</s1><s2>2007 Kjeller</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Norvège</country><wicri:noRegion>2007 Kjeller</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Svenes, K" uniqKey="Svenes K">K. Svenes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt, Avdeling for Elektronikk</s1><s2>2007 Kjeller</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Norvège</country><wicri:noRegion>2007 Kjeller</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torbert, R" uniqKey="Torbert R">R. Torbert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Space Science Center, Science and Engineering Research Center, University of New Hampshire</s1><s2>Durham, NH 03824</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Durham, NH 03824</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andre, M" uniqKey="Andre M">M. Andre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala Division</s1><s2>75121 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suède</country><wicri:noRegion>75121 Uppsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fazakerley, A" uniqKey="Fazakerley A">A. Fazakerley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dept. of Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London</s1><s2>Dorking, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Dorking, Surrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, R" uniqKey="Goldstein R">R. Goldstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Southwest Research Institute</s1><s2>San Antonio, Texas 78238</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Southwest Research Institute</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olsen, R C" uniqKey="Olsen R">R. C. Olsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School</s1><s2>Monterey, California 93943</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Monterey, California 93943</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, A" uniqKey="Pedersen A">A. Pedersen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Dept. of Physics, University of Oslo</s1><s2>Blindern</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Norvège</country><wicri:noRegion>Blindern</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whipple, E" uniqKey="Whipple E">E. Whipple</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>University of Washington, Geophysics Department</s1><s2>Seattle, Washington 98195</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Seattle, Washington 98195</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, H" uniqKey="Zhao H">H. Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100080</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="inist">02-0188912</idno><date when="2001">2001</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 02-0188912 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:02-0188912</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">00F831</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Repository">011828</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Chine/Extraction">001F76</idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0992-7689</idno><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Ann. geophys. : (1988)</title><title level="j" type="main">Annales geophysicae : (1988)</title></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Artificial satellite</term><term>Contamination</term><term>Electric potential</term><term>Electron distribution</term><term>Feedback</term><term>Floating potential</term><term>Ion distribution</term><term>Ionic current</term><term>Magnetosphere</term><term>Metal ion</term><term>Photoelectron</term><term>Plasma sheath</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Distribution électron</term><term>Potentiel flottant</term><term>Contamination</term><term>Photoélectron</term><term>Ion métallique</term><term>Courant ionique</term><term>Boucle réaction</term><term>Satellite artificiel</term><term>Potentiel électrique</term><term>Distribution ion</term><term>Gaine plasma</term><term>Magnétosphère</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Electrostatic charging of a spacecraft modifies the distribution of electrons and ions before the particles enter the sensors mounted on the spacecraft body. The floating potential of magnetospheric satellites in sunlight very often reaches several tens of volts, making measurements of the cold (several eV) component of the ambient ions impossible. The plasma electron data become contaminated by large fluxes of photoelectrons attracted back into the sensors. The Cluster spacecraft are equipped with emitters of the liquid metal ion source type, producing indium ions at 5 to 9 keV energy at currents of some tens of microampere. This current shifts the equilibrium potential of the spacecraft to moderately positive values. The design and principles of the operation of the instrument for active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC) are presented in detail. Experience with spacecraft potential control from the commissioning phase and the first two months of the operational phase are now available. The instrument is operated with constant ion current for most of the time, but tests have been carried out with varying currents and a "feedback" mode with the instrument EFW, which measures the spacecraft potential. That has been reduced to values according to expectations. In addition, the low energy electron measurements show substantially reduced fluxes of photoelectrons as expected. The flux decrease in photoelectrons returning to the spacecraft, however, occurs at the expense of an enlarged sheath around the spacecraft which causes problems for boom-mounted probes.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0992-7689</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Ann. geophys. : (1988)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>19</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>10-12</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Active spacecraft potential control for Cluster: implementation and first results</s1></fA08><fA09 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>CLUSTER - First results (Part I)</s1></fA09><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>TORKAR (K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>RIEDLER (W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>ESCOUBET (C. P.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>FEHRINGER (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>SCHMIDT (R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>GRARD (R. J. L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>ARENDS (H.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>RÜDENAUER (F.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>STEIGER (W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>NARBEIM (B. T.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>SVENES (K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>TORBERT (R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>ANDRE (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>FAZAKERLEY (A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="15" i2="1"><s1>GOLDSTEIN (R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="16" i2="1"><s1>OLSEN (R. C.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="17" i2="1"><s1>PEDERSEN (A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="18" i2="1"><s1>WHIPPLE (E.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="19" i2="1"><s1>ZHAO (H.)</s1></fA11><fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>ESCOUBET (Philippe)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6</s1><s2>8042 Graz</s2><s3>AUT</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Space Science Department of ESA/ESTEC</s1><s2>2200 AG Noordwijk</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>International Atomic Energy Agency, Safeguards Analytical Laboratory</s1><s2>2444 Seibersdorf</s2><s3>AUT</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute for Physics, Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf</s1><s2>2444 Seibersdorf</s2><s3>AUT</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt, Avdeling for Elektronikk</s1><s2>2007 Kjeller</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Space Science Center, Science and Engineering Research Center, University of New Hampshire</s1><s2>Durham, NH 03824</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala Division</s1><s2>75121 Uppsala</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dept. of Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London</s1><s2>Dorking, Surrey</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="09"><s1>Southwest Research Institute</s1><s2>San Antonio, Texas 78238</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="10"><s1>Physics Department, Naval Postgraduate School</s1><s2>Monterey, California 93943</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="11"><s1>Dept. of Physics, University of Oslo</s1><s2>Blindern</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="12"><s1>University of Washington, Geophysics Department</s1><s2>Seattle, Washington 98195</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="13"><s1>Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100080</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA15 i1="01"><s1>ESA/ESTEC, SCI-SO, Keplerlaan 1</s1><s2>2200 AG Noordwijk</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA20><s1>1289-1302</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2001</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>19920</s2><s5>354000103290280070</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2002 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>26 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>02-0188912</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Annales geophysicae : (1988)</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>DEU</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Electrostatic charging of a spacecraft modifies the distribution of electrons and ions before the particles enter the sensors mounted on the spacecraft body. The floating potential of magnetospheric satellites in sunlight very often reaches several tens of volts, making measurements of the cold (several eV) component of the ambient ions impossible. The plasma electron data become contaminated by large fluxes of photoelectrons attracted back into the sensors. The Cluster spacecraft are equipped with emitters of the liquid metal ion source type, producing indium ions at 5 to 9 keV energy at currents of some tens of microampere. This current shifts the equilibrium potential of the spacecraft to moderately positive values. The design and principles of the operation of the instrument for active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC) are presented in detail. Experience with spacecraft potential control from the commissioning phase and the first two months of the operational phase are now available. The instrument is operated with constant ion current for most of the time, but tests have been carried out with varying currents and a "feedback" mode with the instrument EFW, which measures the spacecraft potential. That has been reduced to values according to expectations. In addition, the low energy electron measurements show substantially reduced fluxes of photoelectrons as expected. The flux decrease in photoelectrons returning to the spacecraft, however, occurs at the expense of an enlarged sheath around the spacecraft which causes problems for boom-mounted probes.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001E02L</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Distribution électron</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Electron distribution</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distribución electrón</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Potentiel flottant</s0><s5>27</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Floating potential</s0><s5>27</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Potencial flotante</s0><s5>27</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Contamination</s0><s5>28</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Contamination</s0><s5>28</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Contaminación</s0><s5>28</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Photoélectron</s0><s5>29</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Photoelectron</s0><s5>29</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Fotoelectrón</s0><s5>29</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ion métallique</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Metal ion</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ión metálico</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Courant ionique</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ionic current</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Corriente iónica</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Boucle réaction</s0><s5>32</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Feedback</s0><s5>32</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Retroalimentación</s0><s5>32</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Satellite artificiel</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Artificial satellite</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Satélite artificial</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Potentiel électrique</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Electric potential</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Potencial eléctrico</s0><s5>35</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Distribution ion</s0><s5>36</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ion distribution</s0><s5>36</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distribución ión</s0><s5>36</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Gaine plasma</s0><s5>37</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Plasma sheath</s0><s5>37</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Envoltura plasma</s0><s5>37</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Magnétosphère</s0><s5>38</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Magnetosphere</s0><s5>38</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Magnetosfera</s0><s5>38</s5></fC03><fN21><s1>112</s1></fN21><fN82><s1>PSI</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|type= RBID
|clé= Pascal:02-0188912
|texte= Active spacecraft potential control for Cluster: implementation and first results
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.5.77. |  |